DUBAI—Seeking to cement its position as a Middle East center for transport and tourism, Dubai has unveiled several grandiose
construction projects that bear some of the hallmarks of the debt-laden boom years that nearly brought the emirate to its
knees.
Last month, Dubai's ruler Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum ordered the construction of a new city development named
after himself, a project that could cost $10 billion, according to some estimates. It envisages 100 hotels, the world's
largest shopping mall, parks, art galleries and exhibition centers. Soon after, he announced plans for a $2.7 billion leisure
complex of five theme parks.
Dubai also is pushing its candidacy to host the World Expo in 2020, the first time a city in the Middle East would host this
event, which would involve the construction of an exhibition center on the outskirts of the emirate.
While Dubai is enjoying an economic recovery fueled by a surge in key areas such as trade, tourism and transport, it still
has to repay roughly $100 billion of debt from the previous property boom, which ended in 2008. The plans raise questions
about how the ambitious construction will be financed and whether it will lead to more oversupply in a still-fragile property
market.
Sheikh Mohammed says the projects would help boost Dubai's economy and infrastructure. Indeed, analysts at Citigroup C
+6.33%recently raised their gross-domestic-product growth forecasts for 2012 to 5.1% from 1.9%, mainly because property
activity is intensifying.
But questions remain whether Dubai can resume building on the scale of the last property boom, when the emirate made
headlines by constructing palm-shaped artificial islands off its coast and building the world's tallest skyscraper, the Burj
Khalifa.
"Dubai was built with unbridled vision, and the recently announced aspirations will be tempered by lender appetite,
competition for finance in other regional markets and increased levels of diligence by more experienced investors," said
Rizwan Shah, managing director, corporate finance at Deloitte Middle East. "Funding sources and structures for Dubai will
need to be different than those that were used precrisis," Mr. Shah said.
During the boom years between 2004 and 2007, various Dubai-related entities expanded too quickly on cheap debt provided by
both local and regional lenders. Once the global crisis set in, property prices in the emirate plunged as much as 60%,
leaving banks with a debt hangover they still are wrestling with. When Dubai developer Nakheel was unable to pay back a $4.1
billion Islamic bond in 2009, Dubai had to turn to its oil-rich neighbor Abu Dhabi for a $10 billion loan to stay afloat.
Some are starting to worry that Dubai is repeating the mistakes of the past by stoking another property boom.
"Have we learned? We all say we have, but a lot of people are doing the same thing that they were doing three to four years
ago," said Peter Jodlowski, chief financial officer at the Emirates Investment Authority, one of country's wealth funds, at a
recent financial conference. "So in five years' time, we'll all be asking: How did that happen?" He and other attendees at
the conference were discussing corporate governance in the region and the role banks had played during the buildup to the
crisis.
Details on how the construction of "Mohammad Bin Rashid City" will be financed remain unclear, though local investment bank
Shuaa Capital expects it to be funded by a mix of debt and the proceeds of off-plan sales. The project, whose exact price tag
hasn't been disclosed, will be developed by Dubai Holding, an investment vehicle linked to Dubai's ruler and Emaar
Properties, in which the government of Dubai owns a 31% stake.
Analysts at Shuaa Capital estimate that Dubai's government and some of its affiliates, partly to restructure old debts, have
raised $8 billion this year, "signaling a reopening of the debt markets for the emirate."
The analysts say the move "represents the revival of a significant source to help fund the development of the project."
Still, with some European banks retreating from the region's bonds and loans, the spotlight will turn back on local lenders
such as Emirates NBD or Dubai Islamic Bank, which are keen to grow again by boosting their lending after several years of
subdued or even negative results from hefty provisioning against bad loans.
This has prompted some concern that a new lending bubble could be in the making. "We have to [be] careful not to get greedy
and forget our experiences," said Abdulaziz Al Ghurair, chairman of the Emirates Banks Association and of Dubai's
Mashreqbank. He called for more self-regulation among banks to avoid repeating past mistakes.
"Otherwise we go into massive growth and then massive decline. We don't want zigzag growth for our economy," Mr. Al Ghurair
said. He noted that some local banks used to offer mortgages to cover 100% of the cost of a property purchase, a risky
practice, and that there were signs of similar activity again.
Analysts at property consultant Jones Lang LaSalle JLL -0.10%Middle East and North Africa say the level of available finance
"is likely to act as a natural anchor, limiting the number and timing of the announced projects that proceed."
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