Water scarcity is likely to be one of the great problems facing the planet this century. Various risk factors contribute to
the scarcity of clean water. A new mapping tool from the World Resources Institute visualizes how those risk factors can
combine to create large problems, or how conditions can be improved to reduce the potential for water shortages between now
and 2095.
The Water Risk Atlas shows how variable environmental conditions, human activities and regulatory environments affect the
stability of water sources all over the world. One-year and three-year socioeconomic droughts can be displayed, as can
baseline water stress, seasonal variability, inter-annual variability, and flood frequency. The tool also shows projected
water stress levels for the years 2025, 2050 and 2095, under three different climate change scenarios from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
The year 2095, for example, is not looking to great for a lot of places. In the most pessimistic of those scenarios, A2, some
pretty extreme stress rates can be seen in the Ogallala Aquifer area in the central U.S., as well as Central America, most of
northern Africa, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East.
A cool feature zooms in to examine specific water basins, though only two are currently available. The tool's variable
weighting system allows users to see how different environmental and use conditions would affect water risk in specific
sections of the basin. Users can change weights to see how a higher or lower seasonal variability would affect overall water
risk, or what impact a reduction in upstream storage would have. The map even displays how increased water monitoring and
media attention could affect water risk in different parts of the basin. The site will soon include four additional basins
for specific coverage.
While the data isn't complete, the mapping tool offers a detailed and disturbing look at the water scarcity issues that lay
not too far ahead.
摘自http://www.theatlanticcities.com/technology/2012/05/mapping-global-water-stress/2054/)>http://www.theatlanticcities.com/technology/2012/05/mapping-global-water-stress/2054/