A day after a devastating fire gutted a 28-story Shanghai apartment tower, China faced angry questions on Tuesday about
whether this nation’s breakneck construction boom had sown the seeds of similar accidents in years to come.
Government censors swiftly suppressed the complaints in favor of commentaries about the unavoidable risks of living in
skyscrapers and the promise of an official inquiry to be handled at the highest levels. But as the evidence of blatant disregard
for safety at the incinerated building grew, disquiet swept from Shanghai, the boom’s high-rise epicenter, across the country.
Shanghai’s government stated on its Web site that sparks from the welding torches of four unlicensed workers apparently
ignited flammable nylon webbing and bamboo scaffolding that sheathed the building as it was undergoing renovations,
rapidly engulfing it in flames.
Shanghai, which experts say does not require sprinkler systems for residential buildings, has scores of nylon-wrapped
buildings under construction or undergoing renovations, and most of its 20 million people live in skyscrapers. Most of
China’s big cities are in the midst of similarly vast building booms.
“I never thought a fire could end up killing so many people,” said Li Dezhu, a 66-year-old retiree who escaped from the 17th
floor of the Shanghai building. “We’ve heard about hotels and other entertainment places on fire, but never a residence. And
we are the biggest city in the whole country.”
The authorities detained eight people and promised a thorough investigation and a report to the State Council, a government
body often likened to the White House cabinet. The State Council also ordered the creation of more rigorous fire prevention
measures, Xinhua, the official news agency, reported Wednesday morning.
Some critics said, however, that the roots of the disaster lay in a pervasive lack of safety standards throughout China’s go-go
construction industry. Some comments on Web sites expressed shame over the fire and the government’s efforts to play it
down.
The Web site Huasheng Online, run by a Hunan Province newspaper group, described the quality of urban construction in
blunt terms before being blocked by government censors. “These short-lived constructions are the great disaster left by the
Chinese real estate industry’s insane attempts to make money,” the report stated, citing an absence of earthquake- or
fire-safety rules.
“What is this kind of economic development for? Is it just for accumulating golden bubbles? Is it so the people can live in
utter helplessness? Is it so certain corrupt officials will have a large space to embezzle?”
China is consuming 40 percent of the world’s cement and steel as part of an urbanization drive that will reshape this nation
over the next two decades. By then, most people in China will live in cities, a majority in high-rise buildings.
With China’s property market growing explosively, developers are scrambling to acquire land and build and sell residences as
fast as possible. The analytics firm World Market Intelligence estimates that the country’s construction industry nearly
doubled in size from 2005 to 2009.
And while many engineers say construction quality has improved in most big cities, huge problems remain. A 2004 academic
study estimated that 9 in 10 construction workers had no training, and a sheaf of news reports show that shortcuts are
common, sometimes involving shoddy materials and workmanship as well as corruption.
An official of China’s housing and rural development ministry said in April that Chinese buildings were built to last 25 to 30
years, compared with 74 years in the United States and 132 years in Britain. It is not unheard of for buildings to be razed after
10 or 15 years.
Nor has firefighting caught up to the skylines. Hoses strained to reach even the middle of the Shanghai building, and the fire
was controlled only after hoses were positioned on nearby rooftops.
Similarly, in February 2009, hoses were unable to reach the upper two-thirds of a 34-story hotel and cultural center set on
fire by an illegal fireworks show. The building burned all night. But it had not been completed, and only one person, a
firefighter, died.
In June 2009, illegal underground excavation for a parking garage in Shanghai caused the 13-story building under way next
to it to simply fall over. A construction worker was killed, and a scandal erupted. Two developers were convicted of
embezzlement and corruption and sentenced to life in prison.
Cheap construction or the neglect of safety standards have been involved in other cases, including the 2008 earthquake in
Sichuan Province, where school collapses killed thousands of children, and a 2007 bridge collapse in Hunan Province that
killed 29. The building that burned was built in 1997, the government said, and housed about 440 residents. It was
undergoing renovation so that it could be fitted with energy-saving equipment.
Huge crowds gathered in the street as scores of fire engines responded, and television reports showed some residents
climbing down scaffolding on the building. At least one person was rescued by helicopter. Witnesses said some people were
forced to jump to their deaths. At a news conference on Tuesday, Shanghai officials said 17 people were in critical condition.
On Tuesday, journalists from Reuters and two Chinese newspapers posted reports on two Internet sites stating that the
authorities had detained them at a funeral home in Shanghai where some fire victims had been taken.
The Communist Party’s main newspaper, People’s Daily, noted that skyscraper living had inherent risks and that American
firefighters had also failed to rescue victims of the 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center.
“When a high-rise catches fire,” the paper stated, “this is a serious matter anywhere it occurs in the world, and will garner the
same kind of attention.”
(转自The New York Times)