Many of the commuter train riders and the freight train conductors who travel over Maryland's Thomas Viaduct railroad bridge probably don't realize they are riding on a unique piece of civil engineering history. The bridge has been in continuous service for all of its 175 years.
As notable as its record of service, the Thomas Viaduct remains to this day the world's largest multi-span masonry railroad bridge built on a curve. Named for Philip E. Thomas, the first president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O), the 612-foot-long, eight-span Roman-arch stone bridge took exactly two years to build and was completed on July 4, 1835. Upon its completion, the bridge was the largest of any kind in the United States.
Of course, designing the first-ever rail bridge with such a curve and length proved challenging. The solution found by B&O assistant engineer Benjamin Henry Latrobe II has the lateral pier faces laid out on radial lines with variations in widths, making the piers and spans wedge-shaped and fitted to the 4 degree curve.
The acquisition of B&O by CSX in 1971 included the Thomas Viaduct. The advent of Amtrak that year brought an end to B&O passenger train service over the bridge, except for local Baltimore–Washington commuter trains, which still operate daily as Maryland Area Rail Commuter Camden Line service under contract with CSX.