The most popular modern building in Beijing these days is not the "Bird's Nest" National Stadium built for
the 2008 Summer Olympics. Nor is it the futuristic new titanium-and-glass opera house—known as "The
Egg"—or the much-vaunted new terminal at Beijing Capital International Airport. According to a recent
survey of Beijing citizens, the most popular contemporary structure in the Chinese capital today is
actually a throwback symbol of industrial development: the railway station. Beijing South, completed last
year, is bold, airy, and spacious enough to fit a jumbo jet between the columns that support the central
hall. And it is designed to accommodate China-size crowds increasingly lured by the comfort and
efficiency of high-speed rail travel: by 2030 the station is expected to handle 105 million passengers a
year, 50 percent more than the total for Heathrow, the world's busiest international airport.
After a half century of decline, the train station is back in fashion. If the airport represented glamour and
speed for the postwar traveler, the megastation is the symbol of a new age of urban renewal and
planet-friendly travel. The latest generation of sleek new high-speed trains, capable of reaching 350
kilometers an hour with 1,000 passengers aboard, demand an architecture of corresponding style and
scale. "The idea of grandeur in a railway station is something that we had almost lost, but it's coming
back with a vengeance," says Paul Finch, the chairman of Britain's Commission for Architecture and the
Built Environment. "These days stations are almost as big as airports."
Ask any big-league architect. Terry Farrell, who designed Beijing South, has no new airport terminals on
his books, but he's been busy with stations from South Africa to India and Hong Kong. Norman Foster,
architect of Beijing's latest airport terminal, is also working on a set of stations for the new high-speed link
that will whisk pilgrims between Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia. The giant HOK firm, known for
designing some of the world's grandest sports stadiums, has drawn up plans for a proposed
transportation hub in Anaheim, California, which will include the first railway station in the state's
proposed high-speed system.
These are hardly grim, utilitarian structures. The new high-speed station at Liège in Belgium, by
architect and engineer Santiago Calatrava, ranks as a destination in itself, with its vast, swooping canopy
of glass—measuring 25 meters high by 200 meters long—covering the center section of the platforms.
The symmetrical design dispenses altogether with the idea of a conventional façade, opening up the
building for admiration from all sides. The spectacular curved outline of Beijing South deliberately
evokes the upturned roofs of traditional Chinese architecture, evident in the 15th-century Temple of
Heaven that stands nearby. Similarly, the new Voie Sacrée station in Meuse, France, is designed to fit
discreetly into its surroundings, boasting a giant wooden spire to suggest links with the churches in the
nearby countryside and with the local timber industry.
Architects have been eagerly re-inventing the station as a green "multimodal" hub—incorporating buses,
trams, and taxis—at the heart of city life. Advances in technology allow architects to ram home the
station's eco-merits. The French state rail operator, SNCF, which is promoting an "eco-mobility"
campaign, has plans for more than 400 new sustainable stations, some with vegetation on the roofs,
solar panels for electricity, and rainwater-collection systems. The design of Farrell's new station in Delhi
also allows for the collection of rainfall. Panels in the roofs of some Chinese stations gather energy for
the grid.
The best stations convey a sense of rail's old romance. Critics have heaped praise on London's St.
Pancras station, a Victorian terminus remodeled as the home for the Eurostar high-speed link with
France. It features an outsize statue of a kissing couple above the concourse, not to mention the world's
longest champagne bar. "The old functionalism has been replaced by a sense of celebration and giving
pleasure in travel," says Brian Edwards, an authority on transport design who teaches at the Royal
Danish Academy of Fine Arts.
It's pleasure with a purpose. Unlike an airport out in the distant suburbs, an elegant new station, bang in
the city center, can do extra service as a handy means of impressing a new and more demanding
clientele, who want the same comfort and style that they have grown to associate with long-distance
travel. Like airlines, high-speed trains run in-frequently, so there's plenty of time to kill in the retail and
dining outlets many new stations offer. Berlin's vast new Central Station, which opened in 2006, has
been described as a shopping center with a rail connection: it boasts at least 15 restaurants and cafés.
"All the business guys who once took the plane are now taking the train, and they have different
expectations," says Andreas Heym, chief architect of AREP, the station-design subsidiary of SNCF
responsible for more than 100 new depots worldwide. "The station becomes like a business card for the
city."